Sodium bicarbonate is an inorganic compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is also known as baking soda, and it is the main ingredient in antacids. It quickly neutralizes stomach acid to relieve heartburn and acid indigestion. Sodium bicarbonate is safe for most people when taken in the recommended doses. However, it can be dangerous in high doses. Taking too much may cause serious side effects, including stomach injury. It is important to read the label and follow the directions for using antacids containing sodium bicarbonate.
Medicinal uses of sodium bicarbonate include treating mild to moderate acidosis and alkalosis, preventing urinary tract infections, relieving diarrhea and vomiting, and lowering blood pressure. It is also used as an ergogenic aid before exercise. It increases ketone production and promotes fat-burning during exercise. It also reduces the lactic acid produced during heavy exercise, leading to increased endurance. Sodium bicarbonate is a common ingredient in sports drinks and energy bars because it helps athletes stay hydrated during long events, such as marathons.
In a small study, people who took supplemental sodium bicarbonate before exercise experienced a greater increase in peak power and VO2max than those who did not take it. This suggests that a supplemental dose of 200-300 mg/kg before exercise can improve performance. Taking this amount prior to exercise may help prevent the discomfort, fatigue, and bloating that are associated with metabolic acidosis.
Sodium bicarbonate can be found in many over-the-counter antacid products, such as Tums and Alka Seltzer. It is usually taken orally and should be fully dissolved in water before swallowing. It is usually taken up to 48 tablets per day, or as directed by a doctor. It is best to check the product label for other ingredients as well, since some brands of antacids contain other active and inactive ingredients.
People who have a sodium restriction should consult with their healthcare provider before taking an over-the-counter antacid containing sodium bicarbonate. This is because it can be harmful to people who are attempting to lower their salt intake due to health conditions, such as high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.
Sodium bicarbonate is POSSIBLY UNSAFE when taken by mouth or intravenously (by IV) in high doses, because it can lead to complications such as stomach rupture and severe electrolyte imbalances. It is also POSSIBLY UNSAFE when applied to the skin. During a study, 0.5 g of sodium bicarbonate was applied to the clipped skin of 3 male and 3 female New Zealand albino rabbits. The rabbits were exposed for four hours. The skin was not rinsed. The average erythema score was 2.0, which is considered minimally irritating to the skin.
